What is THC ?
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), or more precisely its main isomer (−)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol is the principal psychoactive constituent (or cannabinoid) of the cannabis plant. THC has a very low solubility in water, but good solubility in most organic solvents, specifically lipids and alcohols.[6]
Several studies have suggested that THC also has an anticholinesterase action[2] which may implicate it as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's
Metabolism
Metabolism occurs mainly in the liver. More than 55% of THC is excreted in the feces and ~20% in the urine. [3]
Effects
THC has mild to moderate analgesic effects, and cannabis can be used to treat pain by altering transmitter release on dorsal root ganglion of the spinal cord and in the periaqueductal gray.[4] Other effects include relaxation, alteration of visual, auditory, and olfactory senses, fatigue, and appetite stimulation. THC has marked antiemetic properties, and may also reduce aggression in certain subjects.[5]THC, as well as other cannabinoids that contain a phenol group, possesses mild antioxidant activity sufficient to protect neurons against oxidative stress. Cannabis also increases appetite and consumption of food. :)
Evidence suggests that THC helps alleviate symptoms suffered both by AIDS patients, and by cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, by increasing appetite and decreasing nausea.[6][7][8][9] It has also been shown to assist some glaucoma patients by reducing pressure within the eye, and is used in the form of cannabis by a number of multiple sclerosis patients, who use it to alleviate neuropathic pain and spasticity. The National Multiple Sclerosis Society is currently supporting further research into these uses.[10] Studies in humans have been limited by federal and state laws criminalizing marijuana. Female cannabis plants contain more than 60 cannabinoids, including cannabidiol (CBD), thought to be the major anticonvulsant that helps multiple sclerosis patients;[11] and cannabichromene (CBC), an anti-inflammatory which may contribute to the pain-killing effect of cannabis.[12]
What Is CBD ??
Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of at least 60 active cannabinoids identified in cannabis.[13] It is a major constituent of the plant, accounting for up to 40% of the plant's extract, as a non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid.[14] CBD is considered to have a wider scope of medical applications than tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
Neurological Effects
A 2010 study found that strains of cannabis containing higher concentrations of cannabidiol did not produce short-term memory impairment vs. strains with similar concentrations of THC, but lower concentrations of CBD. It has been proposed that CBD may help people with Parkinson's disease, but promising results in animal experiments were not confirmed when CBD was trialled in humans.[15]
our friends at http://www.projectcbd.org/ have lots of detailed CBD related information and health benefits that I would suggest all interested.
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Dource & References
(1) Garrett, Edward R.; Hunt, C. Anthony (July 1974). "Physicochemical properties, solubility, and protein binding of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol". J. Pharm. Sci. 63 (7): 1056–64. doi:10.1002/jps.2600630705. PMID 4853640.
(2) Eubanks, Lisa M.; Rogers, C.J.; Beuscher, A.E. IV; Koob, G.F.; Olson, A.J.; Dickerson, T.J.; Janda, K.D. (2006). "A Molecular Link Between the Active Component of Marijuana and Alzheimer's Disease Pathology". Molecular Pharmaceutics 3 (6): 773–7. doi:10.1021/mp060066m. PMC 2562334. PMID 17140265.
(3)Huestis, M. A. (2005). "Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of the Plant Cannabinoids, Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, Cannabidiol and Cannabinol". Cannabinoids. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 168 (168): 657–90. doi:10.1007/3-540-26573-2_23. ISBN 3-540-22565-X. PMID 16596792.
(4) Elphick, M. R.; Egertova, M. (2001). "The neurobiology and evolution of cannabinoid signalling". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 356 (1407): 381–408. doi:10.1098/rstb.2000.0787. PMC 1088434. PMID 11316486.
(5) Hoaken, PN (2003). "Drugs of abuse and the elicitation of human aggressive behavior". Addictive Behaviors 28 (9): 1533–1554. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2003.08.033. PMID 14656544.
(6) "Cannabis and Cannabinoids". National Cancer Institute. Retrieved 12 January 2014.(
(7) Haney M; Gunderson EW; Rabkin J; Hart, Carl L; Vosburg, Suzanne K; Comer, Sandra D; Foltin, Richard W (2007). "Dronabinol and marijuana in HIV-positive marijuana smokers. Caloric intake, mood, and sleep". Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 45 (5): 545–54. doi:10.1097/QAI.0b013e31811ed205. PMID 17589370.
(8) Abrams DI; Hilton JF; Leiser RJ; Shade SB; Elbeik TA; Aweeka FT; Benowitz NL; Bredt BM; Kosel B; Aberg JA, JA; Deeks SG, SG; Mitchell TF; Mulligan K; Bacchetti P; McCune JM; Schambelan M (2003). "Short-term effects of cannabinoids in patients with HIV-1 infection: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial". Annals of Internal Medicine 139 (4): 258–66. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-139-4-200308190-00008. PMID 12965981.
(9) Grotenhermen, Franjo; Russo, Ethan, eds. (2002). "Review of Therapeutic Effects". Cannabis and Cannabinoids: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Potential. New York City: Psychology Press. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-7890-1508-2. "The only approved preparations to date, Marinol (dronabinol, Δ9-THC) and Cesamet (nabilone), are approved for the indication of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. Marinol is also approved for anorexia and cachexia in HIV/AIDS."
(10) "Marijuana (Cannabis)". National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
(11) Pickens, JT (1981). "Sedative activity of cannabis in relation to its delta'-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol content". British Journal of Pharmacology 72 (4): 649–56. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1981.tb09145.x. PMC 2071638. PMID 6269680.
(12) Burns, TL; Ineck, JR (2006). "Cannabinoid Analgesia as a Potential New Therapeutic Option in the Treatment of Chronic Pain". Annals of Pharmacotherapy 40 (2): 251–260. doi:10.1345/aph.1G217. PMID 16449552.
(13)Borgelt LM, Franson KL, Nussbaum AM, Wang GS (February 2013). "The pharmacologic and clinical effects of medical cannabis". Pharmacotherapy (Review) 33 (2): 195–209. doi:10.1002/phar.1187. PMID 23386598.
(14) Campos AC, Moreira FA, Gomes FV, Del Bel EA, Guimarães FS (December 2012). "Multiple mechanisms involved in the large-spectrum therapeutic potential of cannabidiol in psychiatric disorders". Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. (Review) 367 (1607): 3364–78. doi:10.1098/rstb.2011.0389. PMC 3481531. PMID 23108553.
(15) Iuvone T, Esposito G, De Filippis D, Scuderi C, Steardo L (2009). "Cannabidiol: a promising drug for neurodegenerative disorders?". CNS Neurosci Ther 15 (1): 65–75. doi:10.1111/j.1755-5949.2008.00065.x. PMID 19228180.
Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), or more precisely its main isomer (−)-trans-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol is the principal psychoactive constituent (or cannabinoid) of the cannabis plant. THC has a very low solubility in water, but good solubility in most organic solvents, specifically lipids and alcohols.[6]
Several studies have suggested that THC also has an anticholinesterase action[2] which may implicate it as a potential treatment for Alzheimer's
Metabolism
Metabolism occurs mainly in the liver. More than 55% of THC is excreted in the feces and ~20% in the urine. [3]
Effects
THC has mild to moderate analgesic effects, and cannabis can be used to treat pain by altering transmitter release on dorsal root ganglion of the spinal cord and in the periaqueductal gray.[4] Other effects include relaxation, alteration of visual, auditory, and olfactory senses, fatigue, and appetite stimulation. THC has marked antiemetic properties, and may also reduce aggression in certain subjects.[5]THC, as well as other cannabinoids that contain a phenol group, possesses mild antioxidant activity sufficient to protect neurons against oxidative stress. Cannabis also increases appetite and consumption of food. :)
Evidence suggests that THC helps alleviate symptoms suffered both by AIDS patients, and by cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy, by increasing appetite and decreasing nausea.[6][7][8][9] It has also been shown to assist some glaucoma patients by reducing pressure within the eye, and is used in the form of cannabis by a number of multiple sclerosis patients, who use it to alleviate neuropathic pain and spasticity. The National Multiple Sclerosis Society is currently supporting further research into these uses.[10] Studies in humans have been limited by federal and state laws criminalizing marijuana. Female cannabis plants contain more than 60 cannabinoids, including cannabidiol (CBD), thought to be the major anticonvulsant that helps multiple sclerosis patients;[11] and cannabichromene (CBC), an anti-inflammatory which may contribute to the pain-killing effect of cannabis.[12]
What Is CBD ??
Cannabidiol (CBD) is one of at least 60 active cannabinoids identified in cannabis.[13] It is a major constituent of the plant, accounting for up to 40% of the plant's extract, as a non-psychotropic phytocannabinoid.[14] CBD is considered to have a wider scope of medical applications than tetrahydrocannabinol (THC).
Neurological Effects
A 2010 study found that strains of cannabis containing higher concentrations of cannabidiol did not produce short-term memory impairment vs. strains with similar concentrations of THC, but lower concentrations of CBD. It has been proposed that CBD may help people with Parkinson's disease, but promising results in animal experiments were not confirmed when CBD was trialled in humans.[15]
our friends at http://www.projectcbd.org/ have lots of detailed CBD related information and health benefits that I would suggest all interested.
------------------ -------------------------------- -------------------------- ------------------------
Dource & References
(1) Garrett, Edward R.; Hunt, C. Anthony (July 1974). "Physicochemical properties, solubility, and protein binding of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol". J. Pharm. Sci. 63 (7): 1056–64. doi:10.1002/jps.2600630705. PMID 4853640.
(2) Eubanks, Lisa M.; Rogers, C.J.; Beuscher, A.E. IV; Koob, G.F.; Olson, A.J.; Dickerson, T.J.; Janda, K.D. (2006). "A Molecular Link Between the Active Component of Marijuana and Alzheimer's Disease Pathology". Molecular Pharmaceutics 3 (6): 773–7. doi:10.1021/mp060066m. PMC 2562334. PMID 17140265.
(3)Huestis, M. A. (2005). "Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism of the Plant Cannabinoids, Δ9-Tetrahydrocannabinol, Cannabidiol and Cannabinol". Cannabinoids. Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 168 (168): 657–90. doi:10.1007/3-540-26573-2_23. ISBN 3-540-22565-X. PMID 16596792.
(4) Elphick, M. R.; Egertova, M. (2001). "The neurobiology and evolution of cannabinoid signalling". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 356 (1407): 381–408. doi:10.1098/rstb.2000.0787. PMC 1088434. PMID 11316486.
(5) Hoaken, PN (2003). "Drugs of abuse and the elicitation of human aggressive behavior". Addictive Behaviors 28 (9): 1533–1554. doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2003.08.033. PMID 14656544.
(6) "Cannabis and Cannabinoids". National Cancer Institute. Retrieved 12 January 2014.(
(7) Haney M; Gunderson EW; Rabkin J; Hart, Carl L; Vosburg, Suzanne K; Comer, Sandra D; Foltin, Richard W (2007). "Dronabinol and marijuana in HIV-positive marijuana smokers. Caloric intake, mood, and sleep". Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 45 (5): 545–54. doi:10.1097/QAI.0b013e31811ed205. PMID 17589370.
(8) Abrams DI; Hilton JF; Leiser RJ; Shade SB; Elbeik TA; Aweeka FT; Benowitz NL; Bredt BM; Kosel B; Aberg JA, JA; Deeks SG, SG; Mitchell TF; Mulligan K; Bacchetti P; McCune JM; Schambelan M (2003). "Short-term effects of cannabinoids in patients with HIV-1 infection: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial". Annals of Internal Medicine 139 (4): 258–66. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-139-4-200308190-00008. PMID 12965981.
(9) Grotenhermen, Franjo; Russo, Ethan, eds. (2002). "Review of Therapeutic Effects". Cannabis and Cannabinoids: Pharmacology, Toxicology and Therapeutic Potential. New York City: Psychology Press. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-7890-1508-2. "The only approved preparations to date, Marinol (dronabinol, Δ9-THC) and Cesamet (nabilone), are approved for the indication of nausea and vomiting associated with cancer chemotherapy. Marinol is also approved for anorexia and cachexia in HIV/AIDS."
(10) "Marijuana (Cannabis)". National Multiple Sclerosis Society. Retrieved 5 September 2009.
(11) Pickens, JT (1981). "Sedative activity of cannabis in relation to its delta'-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol content". British Journal of Pharmacology 72 (4): 649–56. doi:10.1111/j.1476-5381.1981.tb09145.x. PMC 2071638. PMID 6269680.
(12) Burns, TL; Ineck, JR (2006). "Cannabinoid Analgesia as a Potential New Therapeutic Option in the Treatment of Chronic Pain". Annals of Pharmacotherapy 40 (2): 251–260. doi:10.1345/aph.1G217. PMID 16449552.
(13)Borgelt LM, Franson KL, Nussbaum AM, Wang GS (February 2013). "The pharmacologic and clinical effects of medical cannabis". Pharmacotherapy (Review) 33 (2): 195–209. doi:10.1002/phar.1187. PMID 23386598.
(14) Campos AC, Moreira FA, Gomes FV, Del Bel EA, Guimarães FS (December 2012). "Multiple mechanisms involved in the large-spectrum therapeutic potential of cannabidiol in psychiatric disorders". Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond., B, Biol. Sci. (Review) 367 (1607): 3364–78. doi:10.1098/rstb.2011.0389. PMC 3481531. PMID 23108553.
(15) Iuvone T, Esposito G, De Filippis D, Scuderi C, Steardo L (2009). "Cannabidiol: a promising drug for neurodegenerative disorders?". CNS Neurosci Ther 15 (1): 65–75. doi:10.1111/j.1755-5949.2008.00065.x. PMID 19228180.